Turkmenistan 
Facts
Population:
4,603,244 (July 2001 est.)
Age structure:
0-14 years:
37.88% (male 891,758; female 852,104)
15-64 years:
58.09% (male 1,313,303; female 1,360,690)
65 years and over:
4.03% (male 70,800; female 114,589) (2001 est.)
Population growth rate:
1.85% (2001 est.)
Birth rate:
28.55 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Death rate:
8.98 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Net migration rate:
-1.04 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Sex ratio:
at birth:
1.05 male(s)/female
under 15 years:
1.05 male(s)/female
15-64 years:
0.97 male(s)/female
65 years and over:
0.62 male(s)/female
total population:
0.98 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
Infant mortality rate:
73.25 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.)
Life expectancy at birth:
total population:
61 years
male:
57.43 years
female:
64.76 years (2001 est.)
Total fertility rate:
3.58 children born/woman (2001 est.)
HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:
0.01% (1999 est.)
HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:
less than 100 (1999 est.)
HIV/AIDS - deaths:
less than 100 (1999 est.)
Nationality:
noun:
Turkmen(s)
adjective:
Turkmen
Ethnic groups:
Turkmen 77%, Uzbek 9.2%, Russian 6.7%, Kazakh 2%, other 5.1% (1995)
Religions:
Muslim 89%, Eastern Orthodox 9%, unknown 2%
Languages:
Turkmen 72%, Russian 12%, Uzbek 9%, other 7%
Literacy:
definition:
age 15 and over can read and write
total population:
98%
male:
99%
female:
97% (1989 est.)
GDP:
purchasing power parity - $19.6 billion (2000 est.)
GDP - real growth rate:
16% (2000 est.)
GDP - per capita:
purchasing power parity - $4,300 (2000 est.)
GDP - composition by sector:
agriculture:
25%
industry:
43%
services:
32% (1999 est.)
Population below poverty line:
58% (1999 est.)
Household income or consumption by percentage share:
lowest 10%:
2.6%
highest 10%:
31.7% (1998)
Inflation rate (consumer prices):
14% (2000 est.)
Labor force:
2.34 million (1996)
Labor force - by occupation:
agriculture 44%, industry 19%, services 37% (1996)
Unemployment rate:
NA%
Budget:
revenues:
$588.6 million
expenditures:
$658.2 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (1999 est.)
Industries:
natural gas, oil, petroleum products, textiles, food processing
Industrial production growth rate:
18% (2000 est.)
Electricity - production:
8.371 billion kWh (1999)
Electricity - production by source:
fossil fuel:
99.94%
hydro:
0.06%
nuclear:
0%
other:
0% (1999)
Electricity - consumption:
4.785 billion kWh (1999)
Electricity - exports:
4.1 billion kWh (1999)
Electricity - imports:
1.1 billion kWh (1999)
Agriculture - products:
cotton, grain; livestock
Exports:
$2.4 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)
Exports - commodities:
gas 33%, oil 30%, cotton fiber 18%, textiles 8% (1999)
Exports - partners:
Ukraine, Iran, Turkey, Russia, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, Azerbaijan
Imports:
$1.65 billion (c.i.f., 2000 est.)
Imports - commodities:
machinery and equipment 60%, foodstuffs 15% (1999)
Imports - partners:
Ukraine, Turkey, Russia, Germany, US, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan
Debt - external:
$2.5 billion (2000 est.)
Economic aid - recipient:
$27.2 million (1995)
Currency:
Turkmen manat (TMM)
Currency code:
TMM
Exchange rates:
Turkmen manats per US dollar - 5,200 (January 2001), 5,200 (January 2000), 5,350 (January 1999), 4,070 (January 1997), 2,400 (January 1996)
Fiscal year:
calendar year
Statistics: CIA World Factbook.
Turkmenistan in the News
The dictator is dead, but you’d never know: his portrait dominates the capital, and people still instinctively whisper when they speak.
Americas 
