China 
Facts
Population:
1,273,111,290 (July 2001 est.)
Age structure:
0-14 years:
25.01% (male 166,754,893; female 151,598,117)
15-64 years:
67.88% (male 445,222,858; female 418,959,646)
65 years and over:
7.11% (male 42,547,296; female 48,028,480) (2001 est.)
Population growth rate:
0.88% (2001 est.)
Birth rate:
15.95 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Death rate:
6.74 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Net migration rate:
-0.39 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Sex ratio:
at birth:
1.09 male(s)/female
under 15 years:
1.1 male(s)/female
15-64 years:
1.06 male(s)/female
65 years and over:
0.89 male(s)/female
total population:
1.06 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
Infant mortality rate:
28.08 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.)
Life expectancy at birth:
total population:
71.62 years
male:
69.81 years
female:
73.59 years (2001 est.)
Total fertility rate:
1.82 children born/woman (2001 est.)
HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:
0.07% (1999 est.)
HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:
500,000 (1999 est.)
HIV/AIDS - deaths:
17,000 (1999 est.)
Nationality:
noun:
Chinese (singular and plural)
adjective:
Chinese
Ethnic groups:
Han Chinese 91.9%, Zhuang, Uygur, Hui, Yi, Tibetan, Miao, Manchu, Mongol, Buyi, Korean, and other nationalities 8.1%
Religions:
Daoist (Taoist), Buddhist, Muslim 2%-3%, Christian 1% (est.)
note:
officially atheist
Languages:
Standard Chinese or Mandarin (Putonghua, based on the Beijing dialect), Yue (Cantonese), Wu (Shanghaiese), Minbei (Fuzhou), Minnan (Hokkien-Taiwanese), Xiang, Gan, Hakka dialects, minority languages (see Ethnic groups entry)
Literacy:
definition:
age 15 and over can read and write
total population:
81.5%
male:
89.9%
female:
72.7% (1995 est.)
GDP:
purchasing power parity - $4.5 trillion (2000 est.)
GDP - real growth rate:
8% (2000 est.)
GDP - per capita:
purchasing power parity - $3,600 (2000 est.)
GDP - composition by sector:
agriculture:
15%
industry:
50%
services:
35% (2000 est.)
Population below poverty line:
10% (1999 est.)
Household income or consumption by percentage share:
lowest 10%:
2.4%
highest 10%:
30.4% (1998)
Inflation rate (consumer prices):
0.4% (2000 est.)
Labor force:
700 million (1998 est.)
Labor force - by occupation:
agriculture 50%, industry 24%, services 26% (1998)
Unemployment rate:
urban unemployment roughly 10%; substantial unemployment and underemployment in rural areas (2000 est.)
Budget:
revenues:
$NA
expenditures:
$NA, including capital expenditures of $NA
Industries:
iron and steel, coal, machine building, armaments, textiles and apparel, petroleum, cement, chemical fertilizers, footwear, toys, food processing, automobiles, consumer electronics, telecommunications
Industrial production growth rate:
10% (2000 est.)
Electricity - production:
1.173 trillion kWh (1999)
Electricity - production by source:
fossil fuel:
79.82%
hydro:
18.98%
nuclear:
1.2%
other:
0.01% (1999)
Electricity - consumption:
1.084 trillion kWh (1999)
Electricity - exports:
7.2 billion kWh (1999)
Electricity - imports:
90 million kWh (1999)
Agriculture - products:
rice, wheat, potatoes, sorghum, peanuts, tea, millet, barley, cotton, oilseed; pork; fish
Exports:
$232 billion (f.o.b., 2000)
Exports - commodities:
machinery and equipment; textiles and clothing, footwear, toys and sporting goods; mineral fuels
Exports - partners:
US 21%, Hong Kong 18%, Japan 17%, South Korea, Germany, Netherlands, UK, Singapore, Taiwan (2000)
Imports:
$197 billion (f.o.b., 2000)
Imports - commodities:
machinery and equipment, mineral fuels, plastics, iron and steel, chemicals
Imports - partners:
Japan 18%, Taiwan 11%, US 10%, South Korea 10%, Germany, Hong Kong, Russia, Malaysia (2000)
Debt - external:
$162 billion (2000 est.)
Economic aid - recipient:
$NA
Currency:
yuan (CNY)
Currency code:
CNY
Exchange rates:
yuan per US dollar - 8.2776 (January 2001), 8.2785 (2000), 8.2783 (1999), 8.2790 (1998), 8.2898 (1997), 8.3142 (1996)
note:
beginning 1 January 1994, the People's Bank of China quotes the midpoint rate against the US dollar based on the previous day's prevailing rate in the interbank foreign exchange market
Fiscal year:
calendar year
Statistics: CIA World Factbook.
Press
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21CN Business Herald
(Pro-government weekly), Guangzhou
Hong Kong
http://www.atnext.com/new/index.cfm
Arts and Literature
(Government-owned), Beijing
Asia Magazine
(Independent regional biweekly), Hong Kong
(English-language), Hong Kong
http://www.atimes.com
Asia, Inc.
(Business monthly), Hong Kong
(Independent monthly), Hong Kong
http://www.asianbusinessnet.com/
China in the News
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Displaying 1 to 4 of 89 items.
Although the Chinese Constitution guarantees freedom of the press, both Chinese journalists and foreign correspondents are regularly harassed, detained, and intimidated by government officials.
Even in a limited timeframe, a visit to Beijing and Xian can offer a remarkable package of destinations, from Tiananmen Square to the Great Wall.
Although China's burgeoning economic relationship with Africa is significant, many aspects of China's investment are being distorted and overlooked.
For all its economic clout, the European Union still has much work to do in political and security terms in Beijing and most other capitals in East Asia.
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