Russia 
Facts
Population:
145,470,197 (July 2001 est.)
Age structure:
0-14 years:
17.41% (male 12,915,026; female 12,405,341)
15-64 years:
69.78% (male 49,183,000; female 52,320,962)
65 years and over:
12.81% (male 5,941,944; female 12,703,924) (2001 est.)
Population growth rate:
-0.35% (2001 est.)
Birth rate:
9.35 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Death rate:
13.85 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Net migration rate:
0.98 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Sex ratio:
at birth:
1.05 male(s)/female
under 15 years:
1.04 male(s)/female
15-64 years:
0.94 male(s)/female
65 years and over:
0.47 male(s)/female
total population:
0.88 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
Infant mortality rate:
20.05 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.)
Life expectancy at birth:
total population:
67.34 years
male:
62.12 years
female:
72.83 years (2001 est.)
Total fertility rate:
1.27 children born/woman (2001 est.)
HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:
0.18% (1999 est.)
HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:
130,000 (1999 est.)
HIV/AIDS - deaths:
850 (1999 est.)
Nationality:
noun:
Russian(s)
adjective:
Russian
Ethnic groups:
Russian 81.5%, Tatar 3.8%, Ukrainian 3%, Chuvash 1.2%, Bashkir 0.9%, Byelorussian 0.8%, Moldavian 0.7%, other 8.1%
Religions:
Russian Orthodox, Muslim, other
Languages:
Russian, other
Literacy:
definition:
age 15 and over can read and write
total population:
98%
male:
100%
female:
97% (1989 est.)
GDP:
purchasing power parity - $1.12 trillion (2000 est.)
GDP - real growth rate:
6.3% (2000 est.)
GDP - per capita:
purchasing power parity - $7,700 (2000 est.)
GDP - composition by sector:
agriculture:
7%
industry:
34%
services:
59% (1999 est.)
Population below poverty line:
40% (1999 est.)
Household income or consumption by percentage share:
lowest 10%:
1.7%
highest 10%:
38.7% (1998)
Inflation rate (consumer prices):
20.6% (2000 est.)
Labor force:
66 million (1997)
Labor force - by occupation:
agriculture 15%, industry 30%, services 55% (1999 est.)
Unemployment rate:
10.5% (2000 est.), plus considerable underemployment
Budget:
revenues:
$40 billion
expenditures:
$33.7 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (2000 est.)
Industries:
complete range of mining and extractive industries producing coal, oil, gas, chemicals, and metals; all forms of machine building from rolling mills to high-performance aircraft and space vehicles; shipbuilding; road and rail transportation equipment; communications equipment; agricultural machinery, tractors, and construction equipment; electric power generating and transmitting equipment; medical and scientific instruments; consumer durables, textiles, foodstuffs, handicrafts
Industrial production growth rate:
8.8% (2000 est.)
Electricity - production:
798.065 billion kWh (1999)
Electricity - production by source:
fossil fuel:
66.31%
hydro:
19.79%
nuclear:
13.9%
other:
0% (1999)
Electricity - consumption:
728.2 billion kWh (1999)
Electricity - exports:
20 billion kWh (1999)
Electricity - imports:
6 billion kWh (1999)
Agriculture - products:
grain, sugar beets, sunflower seed, vegetables, fruits; beef, milk
Exports:
$105.1 billion (2000 est.)
Exports - commodities:
petroleum and petroleum products, natural gas, wood and wood products, metals, chemicals, and a wide variety of civilian and military manufactures
Exports - partners:
US 8.8%, Germany 8.5%, Ukraine 6.5%, Belarus 5.1%, Italy 5%, Netherlands 4.8% (1999)
Imports:
$44.2 billion (2000 est.)
Imports - commodities:
machinery and equipment, consumer goods, medicines, meat, grain, sugar, semifinished metal products
Imports - partners:
Germany 13.8%, Belarus 10.7%, Ukraine 8.3%, US 7.9%, Kazakhstan 4.6%, Italy 3.8% (1999)
Debt - external:
$163 billion (2000 est.)
Economic aid - recipient:
$8.523 billion (1995)
Currency:
Russian ruble (RUR)
Currency code:
RUR
Exchange rates:
Russian rubles per US dollar - 28.3592 (January 2001), 28.1292 (2000), 24.6199 (1999), 9.7051 (1998), 5,785 (1997), 5,121 (1996)
note:
the post-1 January 1998 ruble is equal to 1,000 of the pre-1 January 1998 rubles
Fiscal year:
calendar year
Statistics: CIA World Factbook.
Press
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(Business weekly), Moscow
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http://www.gazeta.ru/english/
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(Literary review), Moscow
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http://www.interfax-news.com/
Russia in the News
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The approaches toward Russia as articulated by Cheney and Genscher symbolize two fundamentally different visions and traditions. They could be summarized as
Twenty years have passed since the nuclear power plant explosion on April 26, 1986, in Chernobyl, Ukraine, regarded as the worst accident in the history of nuclear power.
Many observers contend that the maneuvers were meant to send a clear message to the United States, Japan, and the rest of the world. Comment and analysis from Taipei, London, Singapore and Tokyo.
Hundreds of girls of different professions communicate with foreigners (predominantly American men) online on a daily basis. … At their weekly meetings, the girls read each other the most touching passages from their correspondence, and together brainstorm new tales for their future letters.
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