Africa

From the August 2003 issue of World Press Review (VOL. 50, No. 8)

No Peace to Keep

'Where Are the French?'

James Astill, The Observer (liberal weekly), London, England, June 8, 2003

A newly-arrived French soldier, part of an advance contingent of U.N.-authorized European troops, guards civilians in Bunia, Ituri province, June 6. (Photo: AFP/Getty Images/Spencer Platt)

The crash of mortars and crackling gunfire ripped through central Bunia yesterday as a vicious tribal war for the town reignited just one day after the arrival of 100 French special forces troops, deployed in advance of a joint European peacekeeping force to pacify the Democratic Republic of Congo’s war-ravaged northeastern capital.

In a virtual rerun of the battle for Bunia in May—when 700 United Nations peacekeepers stood by as hundreds of civilians were massacred and 25,000 fled—the French troops stayed at their airport barracks, without orders or capacity to intervene.

Thousands of Bunia’s terrified residents poured back to the main U.N. compound they had only recently vacated, lugging their groaning wounded and hundreds of terrified, wailing children with them. But as the storm of bullets and grenades swept across the compound from all sides, this was a fragile refuge.

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Sprawling on the concrete floors, more than 50 Western journalists cowered as bullets thudded into the walls and mortars exploded outside. Having flocked to Bunia in the expectation of seeing a triumphant French intervention, they found themselves depending on Bunia’s humiliated Uruguayan U.N. peacekeepers, who fired not a round in return yesterday.

Charged with explaining the U.N.’s latest failure to quell the bitter war in Ituri province, French commander Col. Daniel Vollot said: “Our mandate has not changed. We are trying to impede the fighting through negotiations. We went between the lines, we spoke to the soldiers, to the leaders, but no one wants to talk, they want to fight.”

The battles began shortly after dawn. A rabble of Lendu attacked the main Hema militia, the Union of Congolese Patriots (UPC), which had driven them from Bunia last month. This battle was different: A rival Hema militia was reported to be fighting alongside the Lendus, turning the usual portrayal of Ituri’s war as age-old and ethnic on its head. In fact, following in the wake of Congo’s complicated regional war, and fueled by the efforts of Uganda and Rwanda to control northeastern Congo, it’s a desperate struggle for power.

As more than 1,000 Lendu fighters swept into the southeastern suburb of Kinja, the UPC’s fighters panicked and ran. Bullets zipped through Kinja’s empty streets as one UPC commander berated his men: “Turn and fight, you women! Kill the Lendus, kill them.” The Hema fighters were unconvinced. “There are dead, there are wounded, the enemy is too numerous, the fighting is too hot,” one cried.

Briefly the fleeing militiamen threatened to run through the U.N. compound, spurring the Uruguayans to advance and level their guns. But the peacekeepers allowed fleeing civilians to pour through their ranks and huddle against the compound’s razor-wire perimeter. As the Lendus advanced on the compound, the UPC counter-attacked, firing over the cowering fugitives, journalists, and peacekeepers in thunderous hour-long bursts studded by inexplicable moments of calm.

“Where are the French?” asked one blue-helmeted Uruguayan. After a five-hour battle, costing a huge stockpile of bullets but seemingly few lives, the Lendus withdrew, with the UPC chasing. Soon after, they returned, drenched with sweat and sporting a few blood-soaked bandages. Bunia’s makeshift clinic, a coffee warehouse beside the U.N. compound, told a similar tale. Where last month’s massacres have left it crammed with mutilated civilians and dying fighters, only a handful of wounded arrived yesterday.

The French-led intervention force represents the first serious effort to end Congo’s war, which has claimed around 4.7 million lives—the highest death toll in any conflict since World War II. Over the coming weeks, 1,400 European soldiers are expected in Bunia from Sweden, Norway, Germany, Britain, and France. The force has been given a stiffer mandate than the existing peacekeepers. Yet its mission is limited to the town of Bunia and is scheduled to last only three months.

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